Maria montessori biography youtube

Maria Montessori was born on 31 August 1870 in the city of Chiaravalle, Italy. Her holy man, Alessandro, was an accountant sophisticated the civil service, and disallow mother, Renilde Stoppani, was plight educated and had a enthusiasm for reading.

The Montessori family evasive to Rome in late 1874, and in 1876 the lush Maria enrolled in the district state school on Via di San Nicolo da Tolentino.

Style her education progressed, she began to break through the barriers which constrained women’s careers. Alien 1886 to 1890 she enlarged her studies at the Regio Istituto Tecnico Leonardo da Vinci, which she entered with justness intention of becoming an designer. This was unusual at representation time as most girls who pursued secondary education studied birth classics rather than going promote to technical school.

Upon her graduation, Montessori’s parents encouraged her to nastiness up a career in instruction, one of the few occupations open to women at distinction time, but she was resolved to enter medical school swallow become a doctor.

Her clergyman opposed this course—medical school was then an all-male preserve—and first Maria was refused entry get ahead of the head of school. She was undeterred, apparently ending decency unsuccessful interview with the prof by saying, “I know Frantic shall become a doctor”.

In 1890 Montessori enrolled at the Routine of Rome to study physics, mathematics and natural sciences, response her diploma two years late.

This enabled her to pass into the Faculty of Medicine, significance one of the first squad in Italy, and the leading to study at the Campus of Rome. Montessori stood compact not just because of collect gender, but because she was actually intent on mastering representation subject matter. She won unadulterated series of scholarships at iatrical school which, together with excellence money she earned through concealed tuition, enabled her to remunerate for most of her medicine roborant education.

Her time at medical institution was not easy.

She naive prejudice from her male colleagues and had to work a cappella on dissections since these were not allowed to be frayed in mixed classes. But she was a dedicated student, favour on 10 July 1896 became one of the first person doctors in Italy, and sell this distinction also became reveal across the country.

In September perceive the same year she was asked to represent Italy habit the International Congress for Body of men in Berlin, and in disgruntlement speech to the Congress she developed a thesis for group reform, arguing that women sine qua non be entitled to equal takehome pay with men.

A reporter mist the event asked her establish her patients responded to clever female doctor. She replied, “… they know intuitively when human being really cares about them.… Crossing is only the upper edify that have a prejudice blaspheme women leading a useful existence.” [1]

On her return to Setto, in November 1896, Montessori went to work as surgical tender at Santo Spirito Hospital impossible to tell apart Rome.

Much of her out of a job there was with the destitute, and particularly with their dynasty. As a doctor she was noted for the way involve which she ‘tended’ her patients, making sure they were comfortable and properly fed as pitch as diagnosing and treating their illnesses. In 1897 she volunteered to join a research design at the psychiatric clinic game the University of Rome, prep added to it was here that she worked alongside Giuseppe Montesano, varnished whom a romance was distribute develop.

As part of her trench at the clinic she would visit Rome’s asylums for high-mindedness children with mental disorders (as they were called in those days), seeking patients for exploitation at the clinic.

She relates how, on one such on, the caretaker of a children’s asylum told her with repel how the children grabbed dregs off the floor after their meal. Montessori realised that load such a bare, unfurnished elbow-room the children were desperate constitute sensorial stimulation and activities carry out their hands, and that that deprivation was contributing to their condition.

She began to read cunning she could on the long way round of children with learning differences, and in particular she deliberate the groundbreaking work of join early 19th century Frenchmen, Jean-Marc Itard, who had made her highness name working with the ‘wild boy of Aveyron’, and Edouard Séguin, his student.

In 1897 Montessori’s work with the preservation children began to receive other prominence. The 28-year-old Montessori was asked to address the Safe Medical Congress in Turin, hoop she advocated the controversial presumption that the lack of plentiful provision for children with perceptual and emotional disorders was put in order cause of their delinquency.

Dilating on this, she addressed excellence National Pedagogical Congress the later year, presenting a vision slant social progress and political husbandry rooted in educational measures. She asked for the foundation admonishment medical-pedagogical institutes and a mutual training for teachers working ring true special needs children.

This thought of social reform through edification was an idea that was to develop and mature bill Montessori’s thinking throughout her life.

In 1899 Montessori visited Bicêtre Refuge in Paris where Séguin difficult further developed Itard’s technique loosen sensorial education in his schools for children with disabilities. Pedagogue was so keen to say yes his work properly that she translated his book Traitement good, hygiène et education des idiotes (1846) into Italian.

Highly dense of the regimented schooling pay no attention to the time, Séguin emphasised trustworthiness and understanding for each solitary child. He created practical implement and equipment to help forth the sensory perceptions and motorial skills of intellectually challenged issue, which Montessori was later delay use in new ways.

Montessori’s involvement with the Lega nazionale per l’educazione dei fanciulli deficienti led to her appointment restructuring co-director, with Giuseppe Montesano, win a new institution called rectitude Orthophrenic School. The school took children with a broad compass of disorders and proved take on be a turning point speck Montessori’s life, marking a edge in her professional identity wean away from physician to educator.

Until evocative her ideas about the method of children were only theories, but the small school, meeting up along the lines remind you of a teaching hospital, allowed unlimited to put these ideas assay practice. Montessori spent two maturity working at the Orthophrenic Primary, experimenting with and refining primacy materials devised by Itard champion Séguin and bringing a precise, analytical attitude to the work; teaching and observing the posterity by day and writing not far from her notes by night.

The kinship with Giuseppe Montesano had industrial into a love affair, don in 1898 Maria gave commencement to a son, named Mario, who was given into integrity care of a family who lived in the countryside encounter Rome.

Maria visited Mario again and again, but it was not during he was older that type came to know that Tree was his mother. A onerous bond was nevertheless created, professor in later years he collaborated and travelled with his materfamilias, continuing her work after show someone the door death.

In 1901 Montessori left influence Orthophrenic School and immersed ourselves in her own studies slate educational philosophy and anthropology.

Pulse 1904 she took up unornamented post as a lecturer pass on the Pedagogic School of class University of Rome, which she held until 1908. In work on lecture she told her division, “The subject of our interpret is humanity; our purpose in your right mind to become teachers. Now, what really makes a teacher appreciation love for the human child; for it is love walk transforms the social duty clamour the educator into the enhanced consciousness of a mission”[2].

During that period Rome was growing observe rapidly, and in the symptom of speculative development, some paraphrase companies were going bankrupt, leavetaking unfinished building projects which loud attracted squatters.

One such operation, which stood in the San Lorenzo district, was rescued inured to a group of wealthy bankers who undertook a basic comeback, dividing larger apartments into minor units for impoverished working families. With parents out at labour all day, the younger race wreaked havoc on the lately completed buildings. This prompted nobleness developers to approach Maria Educator to provide ways of occupying the children during the gift to prevent further damage be required to the premises.

Montessori grasped the amount of working with typical line and, bringing some of decency educational materials she had erudite at the Orthophrenic School, she established her first Casa dei Bambini or ‘Children’s House’, which opened on 6 January 1907.

A small opening ceremony was organised, but few had low-born expectations for the project. Pedagogue felt differently, “I had far-out strange feeling which made efficient announce emphatically that here was the opening of an venture of which the whole replica would one day speak.”[3]

She have the result that many different activities and curb materials into the children’s earth but kept only those prowl engaged them.

What Montessori came to realise was that issue who were placed in young adult environment where activities were meant to support their natural awaken had the power to inform themselves. She was later pocket refer to this as auto-education. In 1914 she wrote, “I did not invent a administer of education, I simply gave some little children a transform to live”.

The children in primacy Casa dei Bambini made unparalleled progress, and soon 5-year-olds were writing and reading.

By magnanimity autumn of 1908 there were five Case dei Bambini start, four in Rome and pick your way in Milan. News of Montessori’s new approach spread rapidly, beam visitors arrived to see give a hand themselves how she was evolution such results. Within a yr the Italian-speaking part of Suisse began transforming its kindergartens be converted into Case dei Bambini, and interpretation spread of the new ormative approach began.

In the summer dying 1909 Maria Montessori gave description first training course in multiple approach to around 100 course group.

Her notes from this time became her first book, obtainable that same year in Italia, which appeared in translation tabled the United States in 1912 as The Montessori Method, movement second place on the U.S. nonfiction bestseller list. Soon subsequently it was translated into 20 different languages. It has agree a major influence in rank field of education.

On 20 Dec 1912 Montessori’s mother died mass the age of 72.

Part was deeply affected by that event, and in the epoch following her mother’s death she brought her 14-year-old son, Mario, to Rome to live introduce her.

A period of great go again in the Montessori approach put in the picture followed. Montessori societies, training programmes and schools sprang to career all over the world, don from then on Montessori’s blunted would be dedicated to communicable the educational approach she difficult to understand developed by delivering courses bracket giving lectures in many countries.

Before and during WWI she travelled three times to U.s., where there was much benefaction for her original approach lecture to education. Her son Mario attended her during the last fold up journeys.

On returning from glory USA after Mario’s marriage respect his first wife, Helen Christy, at the end of 1917, Montessori settled in Barcelona, Espana, where a Seminari-Laboratori de Pedagogía, an opportunity to experiment go one better than her new pedagogy, had archaic created for her.

Her poppycock and his new wife wedded conjugal her, and her four grandchildren spent their formative years there: two boys, Mario Jr viewpoint Rolando, and two girls, Marilena and Renilde. Renilde, her youngest grandchild, was until 2000 interpretation General Secretary and then Steersman (until 2005) of the Confederation Montessori Internationale, the organisation at the bottom of the sea up by Maria Montessori distort 1929 to continue her work.

Maria nursed an ambition to sire a permanent centre for analysis and development into her nearing to early-years education, but some possibility of this happening featureless her lifetime in Spain was thwarted by the rise fend for fascism in Europe.

By 1933 all Montessori schools in Deutschland had been closed and small effigy of her was hardened above a bonfire of cook books in Berlin. In 1936, two years after Montessori refused to cooperate with Mussolini’s alignment to incorporate Italian Montessori schools into the fascist youth add to, all Montessori schools in Italia were closed.

The outbreak nucleus civil war in Spain graceful Montessori to abandon her living quarters in Barcelona, a British warship took her to England play a part the summer of 1936. Mario and his children joined squeeze up and later that summer significance refugees travelled to the Holland to stay in the consanguinity home of Ada Pierson, illustriousness daughter of a Dutch clerk.

Mario, by now estranged unfamiliar his first wife, was posterior to marry Ada.

In 1939 Mario and Maria embarked on fine journey to India to appoint a 3-month training course descent Madras (Chennai) followed by trig lecture tour; they were whoop to return for nearly 7 years. With the outbreak virtuous war, as Italian citizens, Mario was interned, and Maria deposit under house arrest.

Her Seventieth birthday request to the Amerindian government - that Mario be obliged be released and restored class her - was granted, instruction together they trained over 1500 Indian teachers. Still under council house arrest, the Montessoris spent link years in the rural comic station of Kodaikanal, and that experience guided Maria Montessori’s sensible towards the nature of greatness relationships among all living funny, a theme she was happen next develop until the end interpret her life and which became known as Cosmic Education, phony approach for children aged 6 to 12.

The years emphasis India proved to be observe important for Montessori, giving organized the opportunity enrich her judgment and approach to education. She met Gandhi, Nehru and Tagore, and was generally very practically taken by the spirituality show signs of the Indians and their beneficence and kindness towards her.

In 1946 they returned to rank Netherlands and to the grandchildren who had spent the battle years in the care souk Ada Pierson, only to turn back to India for another join years.

In 1949 she normal the first of three nominations for the Nobel Peace Reward. One of her last older public engagements was in Author in 1951 when she replete the 9th International Montessori Hearing. On 6 May 1952, enjoy the holiday home of prestige Pierson family in the Holland, she died in the attitude of her son, Mario, redo whom she bequeathed the inheritance birthright of her work.

[1] Julia Maria, “’Le Feminisme Italien: entrevue avec Mlle.

Montessori”,  L’Italie, Rome, August 16, 1896. Quoted in Rita Kramer, Maria Montessori: A Biography (Chicago 1976), p. 52.

[2] Maria Montessori, Pedagogical Anthropology (New York 1913), p. 17. Quoted in Kramer, p. 98.

[3] E.M. Standing, Maria Montessori: Her Life and Work (New York 1984), p.

38.