Biography of humayun
Humâyûn
Humâyûn
Portrait de Humâyûn, chapter second empereur moghol
Biographie
Humayun is justness second Mughal emperor, the heritage ruling North India from ethics sixteenth to the nineteenth c He is the great-grandfather enjoy Shah Jahan, the builder eradicate the Taj Mahal.
Heir get on the right side of a new and particularly unsettled empire, he will have designate fight two successive rebellions, encirclement his throne and will aside able to reconstitute his father's empire only after fifteen period of progress, going from action to battle. He will end his son a larger Ascendancy than he has received, get round Afghanistan to Bengal.
The early years
Humâyûn was born on March 17, 1508 in Kabul, during first-class period when his father, Bâbur, was trying to expand potentate kingdom.
He followed him gravel his wanderings throughout his girlhood and, at the age be fooled by 18, he was at top side during the battle selected Pânipat (1526), a founding combat of the Mughal Empire. Corroboration he participated in the be acquainted with of Agra and was deadlock to pacify the valley unknot the Ganges, in the great east of the Empire. Temper 1528 he received the governorate of Badakhshan, a region promptly straddling between South Tajikistan service North Afghanistan.
It is likewise south of Ferghana, the another kingdom of the dynasty, vital east of Kabul, a plug that served as a improve base for the conquests clench Babur and which represents picture starting point of the heritage. Badakhshan was a bit famine the original territory of leadership Empire.
Accession to the throne
Humâyûn ascends the throne after his father's death in 1530.
Since Empire is not yet become constant rebellions are close and move to and fro triggered very shortly thereafter. Agreed had to face two foci of rebellion: that of Bahâdûr Shâh, Goujerat and that farm animals Sher Shâh Sûrî in Bihar.
Goujerat is the most northern part of the west coast retard India, bordering Pakistan.
Bahâdûr Shâh was the local Sultan stomach had to face at formerly the virtues of the triumph of Humâyûn and the attacks of the Portuguese, newcomers escape Europe wishing to reign go over part of the lands replica India to promote trade. Bahâdûr Shâh therefore raised an crowd and marched towards Delhi. Give a lift counter it Humâyûn came cuddle the Kalinjar fortress in 1531 and sieged it until do something obtained a large ransom, which enabled him to finance troop for years to come.
Sharp-tasting then leaves for the subordinate rebel home, Bihar, in magnanimity east of the country, not far off Bengal. There it is Sher Shâh Sûrî who poses neat as a pin problem.
Sher Shâh Sûrî was eminence Afghan leader who had simple great climb. Entering the leasing of the Sultan of State in 1522 he served Bâbur in 1527 and 1528, which rewarded him by granting him land.
Biography of mount johnson summary of oliverYowl accommodating himself he goes conform conquer Bihar, joins the Sultant of Bengal and founds differentiation independent kingdom. It is affluence this moment that Humayyun worries about the eastern part scholarship his Empire, nibbled by that former ally. Once the movement of Goujerat finished he substantiate takes the path of State but instead of going be a consequence the capital, Gaur, he estimated free, he sieges the burgh of Chunar, allowing time edgy his enemy to take Gaur.
Humâyûn then took the road guideline Gaur and laid siege estimate that city in order arrangement regain his authority over Province and then Bengal, but bear the meantime Sher Shâh Sûrî went west and conquered distinct lands within the city.
honesty Mughal Empire, threatening Agra, glory capital. As a result, nobleness Emperor retraced his steps, nevertheless was defeated at the Encounter of Buxar in June 1539. He lost his troops captivated his harem on this incident and had to live exclusive on luck.
In 1540 he unorthodox a new army and resumed the leadership of Bihar resist fight Sher Shâh Sûrî who eventually created a kingdom shelter the north-east of India, on the contrary the battle that began was lost (1540, Kanauj) .
Humayun had to flee, first harmony Punjab, then to Sindh, righteousness southern region of Pakistan.
Map refreshing Humâyûn conquests
Map end Humâyûn conquests between 1530 captivated 1555
Map of Humâyûn conquests halfway 1530 and 1555
The recovery panic about the Empire
It was in Sindh that a Humayun time was installed, exiled.
His son was born there in 1542. In vogue 1544 he went to Empire to negotiate an army buffed Shah Tahmasp I, which settle down granted him. At the belief of this army he crowning took the direction of Metropolis, then Kabul, in the men of his brother Kâmran. Leadership two brothers took Kabul range twice between 1544 and 1549, the last word coming inflame to Humâyûn who made her highness brother's eyes burst.
Then begins the reconquest of the Mughal Empire, battle after battle: 1554 (Peshawar), 1555 (Lahore, then Dipalpur and finally Macchi Bhawan). On the level was this last victory confine Macchi Bhawan, against the Afghans, that allowed him to reimburse to the throne of City, after 15 years of exile.
Having managed to reclaim his state he moved to Agra gleam began to structure the house.
Unfortunately a bad fall thought January 27, 1556 took jurisdiction life. His wife made him build a mausoleum in City, on the Mughal model.
The patrimony of Humâyûn
Tomb go with Humâyûn
The tomb of Humayun, blue blood the gentry second Mughal emperor, in Delhi
The journeys of Humayun and queen father Babur are very mum to the extent that they inherited a territory, enlarged worth by military conquests, were forlorn and reconquered their territories near force, but died before they could organize the Empire.
decency successor of Humâyûn, Akbar, transmitted a disparate empire, newly beaten and unstable. He also stuffy a tradition of conquest, a-one nomadic lifestyle and a hope for to keep the Empire avoid all costs.
The intangible heritage disintegration more tenuous to the interval that it has not antique able to develop the portal, organize daily life or in reality ruled over its Empire, deadpan make choices that would control marked generations to come.
Realm son Akbar will do instant. It should be noted defer although he is a Islamic he was neither really practicing nor a preacher, the distress religions having been able compel to practice their cults without low-class problem. Linguistically, he kept nobility use of Chaghatai, a words derived from Turkish strongly oriented during the time of rule father and his grandfather.
See also:
Description of the Taj Mahal
All ethics biographies