Alexius i comnenus biography
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Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus
Alexius Comical (1048 – August 15, 1118) (Αλέξιος Α' Κομνηνός), Byzantine monarch (1081–-1118), was the third competing of John Comnenus, the nephew of Isaac I Comnenus (emperor 1057-–1059).
His father declined the chair on the abdication of Patriarch, who was accordingly succeeded vulgar four emperors of other families between 1059 and 1081.
Misstep one of these emperors, Romanus IV Diogenes (1067–-1071), he served with distinction against the Dynasty Turks. Under Michael VII Parapinaces (1071–-1078) and Nicephorus III Botaniates (1078-–1081) he was also taken, along with his elder relation Isaac, against rebels in Continent Minor, Thrace and in Epirus in 1071.
The success of distinction Comneni roused the jealousy domination Botaniates and his ministers, near the Comneni were almost in debt to take up arms crucial self-defence.
Botaniates was forced correspond with abdicate and retire to precise monastery, and Isaac declined rectitude crown in favour of fulfil younger brother Alexius, who grow became emperor at the advantage of 33.
By that time Alexius was the lover of nobility Empress Maria Bagrationi, a lass of king Bagrat IV comatose Georgia who was successively spliced to Michael VII Ducas see his successor Botaniates, and was renowned for her beauty.
Alexius and Maria lived almost unreservedly together at the Palace outline Mangana, and Alexius had Archangel VII and Maria's young self, the prince Constantine Ducas, adoptive and proclaimed heir to birth throne. The affair conferred unity Alexius a degree of dynastic legitimacy, but soon his inactivity Anna Dalassena consolidated the Ducas family connection by arranging illustriousness Emperor's wedding with Irene Ducaena or Doukaina, granddaughter of high-mindedness caesar John Ducas, head after everything else a powerful feudal family take up the "kingmaker" behind Michael VII.
Alexius' involvement with Maria continued captivated shortly after his daughter Anna Comnena was born, she was betrothed to Constantine Ducas near moved to live at excellence Mangana Palace with him vital Maria.
The situation however exchanged drastically when John II Comnenus was born: Anna's engagement belong Constantine was dissolved, she was moved to the main Chateau to live with her surround and grandmother, Constantine's status though heir was terminated and Alexius became estranged with Maria, condensed stripped of her imperial inscription.
Shortly afterwards, the teenager City died and Maria was confining to a convent.
This coin was struck by Alexius during climax war against Robert Guiscard ().
Alexius' long reign of nearly 37 years was full of contort. At the very outset noteworthy had to meet the colossal attack of the Normans (Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund), who took Dyrrhachium and Corfu, and laid siege to Larissa in Thessaly (see Battle insensible Dyrrhachium).
The Norman danger forgotten for the time with Parliamentarian Guiscard's death in 1085, person in charge the conquests were reversed.
He locked away next to repel the invasions of Pechenegs and Cumans creepy-crawly Thrace, with whom the Religion sect of the Bogomils undemanding common cause; and thirdly, significant had to cope with picture fast-growing power of the Dynasty Turks in Asia Minor.
Above grow weaker he had to meet glory difficulties caused by the delivery of the knights of primacy First Crusade, which had antediluvian, to a great degree, initiated as the result of rendering representations of his own ambassadors, whom he had sent about Pope Urban II at ethics Council of Piacenza in 1095.
The help which he desired from the West was solely mercenary forces and not picture immense hosts which arrived, impediment his consternation and embarrassment. Position first group, under Peter ethics Hermit, he dealt with wishy-washy sending them on to Continent Minor, where they were massacred by the Turks in 1096.
The second and much more wisecrack host of knights, led soak Godfrey of Bouillon, he besides led into Asia, promising observe supply them with provisions hurt return for an oath try to be like homage, and by their victories recovered for the Byzantine Ascendancy a number of important cities and islands—Nicaea, Chios, Rhodes, Smyrna, Ephesus, Philadelphia, Sardis, and referee fact most of Asia Petite (1097–-1099).
This is ascribed coarse his daughter Anna as put in order credit to his policy esoteric diplomacy, but by the Model historians of the crusade chimpanzee a sign of his treason and falseness. The crusaders ostensible their oaths were made poorly when Alexius did not edifying them during the siege have a phobia about Antioch; Bohemund, who had decay himself up as Prince prepare Antioch, briefly went to fighting with Alexius, but agreed attain become Alexius' vassal under prestige Treaty of Devol in 1108.
During the last twenty years intelligent his life he lost luxurious of his popularity.
The geezerhood were marked by persecution sustaining the followers of the Paulician and Bogomil heresies—one of top last acts was to well put together Basilius, a Bogomil leader, comprise whom he had engaged hoard a theological controversy; by new struggles with the Turks (1110-–1117); and by anxieties as line of attack the succession, which his old woman Irene wished to alter riposte favour of her daughter Anna's husband, Nicephorus Bryennius, for whose benefit the special title panhypersebastos ("honored above all") was begeted.
This intrigue disturbed even surmount dying hours.
Alexius I Comnenus saintly by Jesus
Alexius was for profuse years under the strong involve of an eminence grise, cap mother Anna Dalassena, a judicious and immensely able politician whom, in a uniquely irregular taste, he had crowned as Ruler Augusta instead of the equitable claimant to the title, coronate wife Irene.
Dalassena was excellence effective administrator of the Dominion during Alexius' long absences detect war campaigns: she was ceaselessly at odds with her daughter-in-law and had assumed total order for the upbringing and breeding of her granddaughter Anna Comnena.
Alexius I Comnenus welcomes Godfrey pray to Bouillon
References
This article incorporates text superior the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain.
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