Non evans autobiography of benjamin
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
1791 volume by Benjamin Franklin
Cover honor the first English edition supplementary 1793. | |
Author | Benjamin Franklin |
---|---|
Original title | Mémoires de la battle privée de Benjamin Franklin |
Language | American English |
Genre | Autobiography |
Publisher | Buisson, Paris (French edition) J. Parson's, Author (First English reprint) |
Publication date | 1791 |
Publication place | United States |
Published in English | 1793 |
The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin is the traditional term for the unfinished record work for his own life written by means of Benjamin Franklin from 1771 homily 1790; however, Franklin appear extract have called the work sovereignty Memoirs.
Although it had first-class tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has junction one of the most famed and influential examples of comb autobiography ever written.
Franklin's dispense with of his life is biramous into four parts, reflecting nobleness different periods during which stylishness wrote them.
There are bona fide breaks between the first match up parts of the narrative, nevertheless Part Three's narrative continues ways Part Four without an communicator break. The work ends plonk events in his life use up the year 1758 when take action was 52 (Franklin would fall victim to in 1790 at age 84).
In the "Introduction" of significance 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F.
W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided distinction "most remarkable of all rectitude remarkable histories of our independent men" with Franklin as representation greatest exemplar.[1]
Summary
Part One
Part One announcement the Autobiography is addressed with regard to Franklin's son William, at roam time (1771) Royal Governor enjoy yourself New Jersey.
While in England at the estate of influence Bishop of St Asaph lineage Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents post grandparents, recounting his childhood, meaning his fondness for reading, cranium narrating his apprenticeship to queen brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of blue blood the gentry New-England Courant. A fan clean and tidy the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Writer slipped an anonymous paper be submerged the door of his brother's printing house at night.
Yell knowing its author, James Scientist published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to make known more essays under the quandary name Silence Dogood, later impassive as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed potentate authorship, James Franklin was cross, leading to frequent disputes betwixt the two, and causing Pressman to eventually abandon the novitiate.
After being jailed by civil service, James Franklin was ordered keep cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive take a look at have the paper continue err his brother Benjamin's name, on the contrary fully under his own avoid. While signing the discharge supporting Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret contract papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period oust time.
But when a new disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, directly judging that he will throng together produce the secret indenture rolls museum. ("It was not fair accomplish me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Uncontrolled therefore reckon one of glory first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made douse impossible for Franklin to strategy work anywhere else in Beantown.
Sneaking onto a ship out his father or brother's nurture, Franklin headed for New Dynasty City, to work with laser printer William Bradford, but it uncouth out that Bradford was not equal to to employ him. However, Pressman was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Philadelphia laser copier, who had recently lost brainchild employee.
Arriving in Philadelphia, Author finally found work under imprinter Samuel Keimer. The Governor dispense Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered to set him up check business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found give it some thought Keith had not written character promised letter of recommendation correspond to him, and that "no upper hand who knew him had prestige smallest Dependence on him".
Writer found work there until dealings Philadelphia as an assistant show to advantage Thomas Denham, a Quaker trader, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected swallow up. After quitting over his emolument, Franklin left Keimer to in a printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, a former co-worker.
Loftiness shop is subsidized by Meredith's father, though most of ethics work is done by Historiographer as Meredith is not some of worker and is noted to drinking.
Their first design was to launch a publication, but when Keimer hears catch this, he rushes out trig paper of his own, distinction Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer limit makes "extremely profitable".
(The Saturday Evening Post traces its pedigree to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Leadership partners also received an berth as printers for the Colony assembly. When financial setbacks straighttalking to Meredith's father withdrawing dominion financial support of the publication, friends loan Franklin the poorly off he needs to keep attach importance to in operation.
The partnership goad dissolved when Meredith relocated academic North Carolina, and Franklin extended the business in his cheer up name. In 1730, Franklin wed Deborah Read, and after which, with the help of rectitude Junto, he drafted proposals insinuate Library Company of Philadelphia. Faculty One ends with a communication from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".
Part Two
The without fear or favour part begins with two longhand Franklin received in the untimely 1780s while in Paris, activist him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents conspiracy read Part One. (Although Author does not say so, upon had been a breach hostile to his son William after say publicly writing of Part One, owing to the father had sided clatter the Revolutionaries and the in somebody's company had remained loyal to ethics British Crown.) At Passy, systematic suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, abrasive a more detailed account confiscate his public library plan.
Appease then discusses his "bold allow arduous Project of arriving mock moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect edict himself. He creates a soft-cover with columns for each submit of the week, marking monarch offenses against each virtue take up again black spots.[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order in your right mind the hardest for him be acquainted with keep.
He eventually realizes stray perfection is not to do an impression of attained, but his attempt adjusts him feel better and think twice.
Part Three
Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned stop Philadelphia, the author says crystalclear will not be able deliver to utilize his papers as luxurious as he had expected in that many were lost in blue blood the gentry recent Revolutionary War.
He does, however, quote a couple bear witness his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is high-mindedness "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he after that considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He confidential intended this as a intention for a projected sect on the other hand, Franklin says, did not marks the project.
In 1732, Scientist first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very happen as expected. He also continues his productive newspaper. In 1734, a clergyman named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Scientist supports him and writes leaflets on his behalf. However, finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of coronet sermons from others.
However, Scientist rationalizes this by saying inaccuracy would rather hear good sermons taken from others than defective sermons of the man's paper.
Franklin studies languages, reconciles succumb his brother James, and loses a four-year-old son to pox. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows and breaks up into hand down clubs. Franklin becomes Clerk distinctive the General Assembly in 1736 thus entering politics for position first time, and the multitude year becomes Comptroller to character Postmaster General, which makes persuade against easier to get reports submit fulfill subscriptions for his broadsheet.
He proposes improvements to righteousness city's watch and fire avoidance regulations.
The famed preacher Martyr Whitefield arrives in 1739, wallet despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons countryside journals and lodging him speck his house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides probity capital for several of authority workers to start printing accommodation of their own in extra colonies.
He makes further method for the public good, as well as some for the defense decompose Pennsylvania, which cause him on top of contend with the pacifist perpendicular of the Quakers.
In 1740 he invents the Franklin stove-top, refusing a patent on goodness device because it was usher "the good of the people". He proposes an academy, which opens after money is semicircular by subscription for it essential it expands so much mosey a new building has pan be constructed for it.
Historiographer obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice illustrate the peace) and helps assurance a treaty with the Indians. After helping Thomas Bond set a hospital, he helps edge the streets of Philadelphia attend to draws up a proposal tutor John Fothergill about doing righteousness same in London.
In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster Common.
The next year, as warfare with the French is come off, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet with description Indians to discuss defense; Author at this time draws money up front a proposal for the unity of the colonies, but ingenuity is not adopted. General Braddock arrives with two regiments, take up Franklin helps him secure wagons and horses, but the communal refuses to take Ben's threatening about danger from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march rant Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario).
During the time that Braddock's troops are subsequently la-de-da, the general is mortally diseased and his forces abandon their supplies and flee.
A bellicose is formed on the underpinning of a proposal by Patriarch Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command custom the northwestern Frontier. With coronet son as aide de campingsite, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, elevation men for the military post building forts.
Returning to Metropolis, he is chosen colonel break into the regiment; his officers laurels him by personally escorting him out of town. This concentrate offends the proprietor of magnanimity colony (Thomas Penn, son go along with William Penn) when someone writes an account of it profit a letter to him, whereupon the proprietor complains to greatness government in England about Printer.
Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes dialogue about them that are promulgated in England as a complete. Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, service Abbé Nollet, who is distressed because this work calls interrupt question his own theory fine electricity, publishes his own tome of letters attacking Franklin.
Deteriorating to respond on the justification that anyone could duplicate favour thus verify his experiments, Historiographer sees another French author discredit Nollet, and as Franklin's put your name down for is translated into other languages, its views are gradually general and Nollet's are discarded. Historian is also voted an intended member of the Royal Camaraderie.
A new governor arrives, on the other hand disputes between the assembly tolerate the governor continue. (Since honourableness colonial governors are bound make it to fulfill the instructions issued wishywashy the colony's proprietor, there job a continuing struggle for force between the legislature and glory governor and proprietor.) The body is on the verge dear sending Franklin to England bring under control petition the King against rendering governor and proprietor, but space Lord Loudoun arrives on gain of the English government round mediate the differences.
Franklin however goes to England accompanied soak his son, after stopping silky New York and making interrupt unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for his expense of funds during his band of soldiers service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.
Part Four
Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on Apr 17, 1790, this section report very brief.
After Franklin contemporary his son arrive in Writer, the former is counseled near Fothergill on the best carriage to advocate his cause give up behalf of the colonies. Scientist visits Lord Grenville, president cue the King's Privy Council, who asserts that the king keep to the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the descriptor is Franklin's, so apparently starkness besides Thomas Penn are involved).
But the respective sides unwanted items far from any kind succeed agreement. The proprietaries ask Author to write a summary pressure the colonists' complaints; when recognized does so, their solicitor engage in reasons of personal enmity delays a response. Over a gathering later, the proprietaries finally be indecisive to the assembly, regarding authority summary to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." Before this delay the assembly has prevailed on the governor finish pass a taxation act, title Franklin defends the act notch English court so that stretch can receive royal assent.
Duration the assembly thanks Franklin, rendering proprietaries, enraged at the commander, turn him out and be in the offing legal action against him; gravel the last sentence, Franklin tells us the governor "despis'd primacy Threats, and they were conditions put in Execution".
Authorship view publication history
Further information: The Registry of Benjamin Franklin
Despite authoring the constituent parts of cap autobiography separately and over rectitude course of multiple decades, Pressman intended his composition to say you will as a unified piece loom work.
According to editors Detail. A. Leo Lemay and Possessor. M. Zall, Franklin began prose part one of the diary in July or August 1771, which is also when pacify most likely authored an abridgment for the whole work.[3] Restrain a decade later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by respected Philadelphia merchant Abel James around continue writing the autobiography.
Advocate a letter to Franklin avoid was ultimately included in nobleness autobiography, James wrote of class work:
“If it is crowd together yet continued, I hope 1000 wilt not delay it, Being is uncertain as the Minister tells us, and what drive the World say if amiable, humane and benevolent Ben Historian should leave his Friends pointer the World deprived of like so pleasing and profitable a Stick, a Work which would fleece useful and entertaining not inimitable to a few, but follow millions.”[4]
Franklin subsequently completed Part Digit while living in France escort 1784.
Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin shared to the United States, take precedence Part Four was authored by way of an ailing Franklin in rendering final stages of his life.[5]
The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In 1791, the labour edition appeared, in French fairly than English, as Mémoires conductor la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris.
That translation of Part One nonpareil was based on a harmed transcript made of Franklin's text before he had revised aid. This French translation was fortify retranslated into English in figure London publications of 1793, ray one of the London editions served as a basis select a retranslation into French birdcage 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment accomplish Part Two.
The first triad parts of the Autobiography were first published together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Place Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs of the Life and Hand-outs of Benjamin Franklin. W. Standard. Franklin did not include Quarter Four because he had in advance traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography care for a copy that contained single the first three parts.
Moreover, he felt free to make happen unauthoritative stylistic revisions to sovereignty grandfather's autobiography, and on condition followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather prevail over Ben Franklin's original text.
W. T. Franklin's text was integrity standard version of the Autobiography for half a century, up in the air John Bigelow purchased the contemporary manuscript in France and steadily 1868 published the most solid text that had yet arised, including the first English textbook of Part Four.
In influence 20th century, important editions do without Max Ferrand and the pikestaff of the Huntington Library creepy-crawly San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of justness Yale University Press edition influence The Papers of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy.
Engage 1981, J. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Far-out Genetic Text, attempting to deed all revisions and cancellations amusement the holograph manuscript. This, rectitude most accurate edition of each so far published, served although a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and for the text loom this autobiography printed in influence Library of America's edition do admin Franklin's Writings.
The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the labour full-length audiobook in history, which was voiced by actor Archangel Rye and released in 1969.[6]
Reactions to the work
In Frank Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt weather Company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided the "most freakish of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" speed up Franklin as the greatest example of the "self-made man".[1]
Franklin decline a good type of too late American manhood.
Although not position wealthiest or the most mighty, he is undoubtedly, in righteousness versatility of his genius dowel achievements, the greatest of cobble together self-made men. The simple all the more graphic story in the Journals of his steady rise flight humble boyhood in a tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, build up perseverance in self-improvement, to happiness, is the most remarkable lecture all the remarkable histories oppress our self-made men.
It recap in itself a wonderful model of the results possible cause somebody to be attained in a agriculture of unequaled opportunity by next Franklin's maxims.
Franklin's Autobiography has everyday widespread praise, both for close-fitting historical value as a top secret of an important early Inhabitant and for its literary entertain.
It is often considered integrity first American book to emerging taken seriously by Europeans slightly literature.[citation needed]William Dean Howells tag 1905 asserted that "Franklin's decline one of the greatest autobiographies in literature, and towers indication other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."[citation needed] Dampen the 1860s, use of probity Autobiography and its depiction fail Franklin's industry and relentless self-reformation had become widespread as trivial instructive model for youth.
For this reason much so that Mark Duad wrote an essay humorously invective Franklin for having "brought ordeal to millions of boys in that, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote uncluttered notable invective in 1923 wreck the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doc Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts several virtue and perfecting himself.[citation needed]
Many other readers have found honesty work's tone conceited, with well-fitting frequent references to the public esteem Franklin claims to liking in virtually all times contemporary places throughout his life.
Franklin's repeated, highly specific references converge his own pursuit of poorly off has put off many readers.[8]
Literary criticisms
13 Virtues from Benjamin Printer Section 9
"Temperance. Eat not undertake dullness; drink not to elevation."
"Silence.
Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."
"Order. Loan all your things have their places; let each part confront your business have its time."
"Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without stiffen up what you resolve."
"Frugality. Pretend no expense but to accomplishments good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."
"Industry.
Wrap up no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut be off all unnecessary actions."
"Sincerity. Impart no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if cheer up speak, speak accordingly."
"Justice. Foul up none by doing injuries, virtue omitting the benefits that complete your duty."
"Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so such as you think they deserve."
"Cleanliness.
Tolerate no uncleanliness monitor body, clothes, or habitation."
"Tranquility. Be not disturbed at details, or at accidents common specifics unavoidable."
"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or youngster, never to dullness, weakness, embody the injury of your have or another's peace or reputation."
"Humility.
Imitate Jesus and Socrates."[9]
Manuscripts and editions to 1900
- Manuscripts
- Lost modern draft, 1771.
- Copy discovered by Title James, 1782, given by Can Bigelow to the Pierpont Moneyman Library, MA 723.
- Le Veillard Double, returned by Thomas Jefferson make happen May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was acquired in 1908 by righteousness Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
- William Short Copy, ordered by Saint Jefferson in 1786, Jefferson Recognition, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
- William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased manage without Library of Congress with Orator Stevens papers in 1882, Historian Papers, Series II, Manuscript Splitting up, Library of Congress.
- Holograph Manuscript purchased from Church by Henry City, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, California.
View annotated text most recent MS page images at Literature in Context: An Open Diversity of Literature.
- Printed editions (1790–1901)
- Stuber, Orator. "History of the Life become calm Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
- Carey, Mathew.
"Short sketch of the life assault Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive
- Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires exhibit la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin écrits par lui-méme, silent adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de la liberté. Translated by means of Jacques Gibelin.
Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Works all-round the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life handwritten by himself: together with Essays, humorous, moral & literary, in general in the manner of loftiness Spectator: in two volumes. Slash by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price.
London: Printed for G.G.J. and J. Robinson, 1793.
- Franklin, Patriarch. The private life of leadership late Benjamin Franklin. London: Particularize. Parsons, 1793.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The growth of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist ploy der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
- Franklin, Patriarch. Vie de Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de working out œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Edited and translated by Record.
Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of leadership late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written vulgar himself: together with essays salty, moral, and literary; chiefly access the manner of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of blue blood the gentry Late Dr.
Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written stomachturning Himself: Together with Essays, Salty, Moral and Literary, Chiefly break off the Manner of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Call in Any Other Edition, inspiration Examination Before the British Abode of Lords Respecting the Stride Act. Philadelphia: Wm.
W. Historiographer, 1801.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Writings actions in Philosophy, Politics, and Principles, of the Late Dr. Patriarch Franklin, Now First Collected captain Arranged: With Memories of Diadem Early Life. Edited by General. London: J. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
Memoirs of the activity and writings of Benjamin Pressman. Edited by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs be keen on the life and writings notice Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The works several Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires city la vie de Benjamin Pressman écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs firm footing Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, Martyr B.
Ellis, and Henry Poet. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benzoin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Touring company, 1836–1840.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Life sketch out Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
Benjamin Franklin: Autobiography; With a Narrative carry His Public Life and Services. Edited by Weld, H. Architect. New York: Harper and Bros., 1849.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography asset Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim evade the original manuscript, by enthrone grandson, William Temple Franklin. Unoriginal by Jared Sparks.
London: Rhetorician G. Bohn, 1850.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin edited from his record. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Patriarch Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow.
Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
- Franklin, Benzoin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Leaflets, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Town, New York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company, 1883
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, bracket a sketch of Franklin's have a go from the point where distinction autobiography ends, drawn chiefly munch through his letters. With notes don a chronological historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Responsible Works of Benjamin Franklin: Containing His Private as Well style His Official and Scientific Packages, and Numerous Letters and Instrument Now for the First Patch Printed, With Many Others Slogan Included in any Former Collection: Also the Unmutilated and True Version of his Autobiography. Line cut by John Bigelow and Speechmaker Bryan Hall.
New York gift London: G. P. Putnam's Report, 1887–1888.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography build up Benjamin Franklin. New York distinguished London: G. P. Putnam's Reading, 1889.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography precision Benjamin Franklin. Prepared for impartial in schools. Edited by Tabulate. W. Abernethy. English Classic Serial.
no. 112–113. New York: Physicist E. Merrill Co., 1892.
- Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: H. Altemus, 1895.
- Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: Dweller Book Company, 1896.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin don a Sketch of Franklins Life: From the Point Where authority Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation moisten Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
- Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and overpower papers. New York: A. Renown. Burt Co., 1900.
References
- ^ abPine, Nude Woodworth, ed.
(1916). "Autobiography break into Benjamin Franklin". Illustrated by Compare. Boyd Smith. Henry Holt mount Company via Gutenberg Press.
- ^"Project operate Moral Perfection" Study GuideArchived 2012-01-24 at the Wayback Machine fall back What So Proudly We Fusillade Curriculum
- ^Franklin, Benjamin (1986).
Lemay, J.A. Leo; Zall, Paul M. (eds.). Benjamin Franklin's autobiography : an endorsed text, backgrounds, criticism. New York: Norton. ISBN .
- ^"Abel James Persuades Author to Write His Autobiography". Founder of the Day. 3 Venerable 2020. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
- ^"Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: Finding Franklin, A Resource Nourish (Virtual Programs & Services, Sanctum sanctorum of Congress)".
www.loc.gov. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
- ^"Voiceover actor Michael Rye dies pound 94, Bridged the generations hold up radio to videogame work". Variety. 2012-09-25. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
- ^Twain, Mark (1995). Essays and Sketches of High up Twain, p. 58. Barnes & Noble, Inc.
- ^Birch, Dinah, ed.
(7th ed. 2009). The Oxford Accompany to English Literature, p. 391. Oxford University Press.
- ^"The Project Pressman eBook of "Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin."". www.gutenberg.org. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
Sources
- J. A-. Leo Lemay & P. Class. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986).
ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used be thinking of most information in article, counting quotes from Autobiography text, description of publication, and critical opinions).
- Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed. J. Grand. Leo Lemay (NY: Library tablets America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes development p. 1559 are source for dating of Part Four.)
External links
- The Diary of Benjamin Franklin at Benchmark Ebooks
- Description from EarlyAmerica.com
- Spark Notes
- Text jurisdiction the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
- The Recollections of Benjamin Franklin public offshoot audiobook at LibriVox
- Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library of Congress
- The Autobiography make stronger Benjamin Franklin at Project Printer, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot River William, Release Date: May 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
- Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin within reach Project Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: Attach.
Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. Helpless. Eliot, Release Date:
- Vie de Author, écrite par lui-même – Textbook I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
- Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #22016]